![]() Fourth, GPs share community vision with multi-professionals and thereby act as a driving force for organizational change. Third, GPs change the learning climate while committing to their own growth based on societal needs and by acting as role models for other professionals through daily interpersonal facilitation. Second, GPs build horizontal, trusting relationships with other healthcare professionals and stakeholders, and thereby reduce the degree of complexity of problems. First, GPs treat patients with complex problems as a whole being and address their problems multi-directionally. We identified four approaches used by GPs to deal with complexities. Through critical and iterative consideration of the different insights obtained, the final findings emerged together with representative data. The first author (JH) prepared a draft report, which was reviewed by the GPs at the participating facilities. Using field notes and interview data, the researchers iteratively discussed the adequacy of our interpretations. 62 individuals of various backgrounds working in these nine facilities were interviewed. Five hospitals and four clinics in Japan which were considered to employ expert GPs were selected by purposive sampling. We adopted the interdisciplinary team-ethnographic research approach. This study aimed to clarify how expert GPs handle complex problems and adapt to their community context through the ethnography of GPs and other healthcare professionals in terms of CAS. We speculated that elucidating these methods using complex adaptive systems (CAS) methodology to comprehensively assess GPs’ daily activities would contribute to improving the professional development of GPs. ![]() However, the methods they use to approach these complexities are still not understood. ![]() General practitioners (GPs) are often faced with complex problems, including patients with socio-economic and medical problems. ![]()
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